Day: February 13, 2023

Floral Biosynthesis of Mn₃O₄ and Fe₂O₃ Nanoparticles Using Chaenomeles sp. Flower Extracts for Efficient Medicinal Applications was written by Karunakaran, Gopalu;Jagathambal, Matheswaran;Kolesnikov, Evgeny;Dmitry, Arkhipov;Ishteev, Artur;Gusev, Alexander;Kuznetsov, Denis. And the article was included in JOM in 2017.Application In Synthesis of 4-Chloro-3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole This article mentions the following:

Manganese oxide (Mn3O4) and iron oxide (Fe2O3) nanoparticles were successfully synthesized with the flower extracts of Chaenomeles sp. This is the first ever approach to synthesize nanoparticles from Chaenomeles sp. flower extracts The organic mols. present in the flower extracts actively converted the nitrate precursor into its corresponding nanoparticles. The organic mols. that are involved in the synthesis of nanoparticles are identified using different phytochem. and gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry analyses. The identified components are glycosides, alkaloids, terpenoids, saponins, flavonoids, quinines, and steroids. The x-ray powder diffraction anal. revealed that the particles show tetragonal and rhombohedral crystalline phases. The Fourier transform IR spectroscopy anal. showed the functional groups that are involved in the reduction of nitrates into the corresponding nanoparticles. Energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy anal. confirmed the presence of the elements in the synthesized nanoparticles. Transmission electron microscopy images showed the formation of spherical nanoparticles with an average size of 30-100 nm. Antioxidant anal. showed that the synthesized nanoparticles had excellent antioxidant potential. The antibacterial study showed that they inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptococcus pyogenes. Thus, this study proposes a new eco-friendly and nontoxic method to synthesize nanoparticles for medicinal applications. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Chloro-3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole (cas: 15953-73-8Application In Synthesis of 4-Chloro-3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole).

4-Chloro-3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole (cas: 15953-73-8) belongs to pyrazole derivatives. The 1H-pyrazole provides an excellent means by which to provide the requisite hydrogen bond acceptor閳ユ徆onor motifs, whether as a monocyclic ring or as a fused indazole ring. The pyrazole ring is resistant to oxidation and reduction but the groups, such as alkyl and formyl attached to the ring, are oxidized to respective acids. Only electrolytic oxidation, ozonolysis, and a strong base cause ring opening.Application In Synthesis of 4-Chloro-3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole

Referemce:
Pyrazole – Wikipedia,
Pyrazoles – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Synthesis, characterization, and antimicrobial activity of novel heterocyclic compounds containing a ferrocene unit via Michael addition reaction was written by Liu, Yuting;Zhang, Hanli;Yin, Dawei;Chen, Dan. And the article was included in Research on Chemical Intermediates in 2015.Electric Literature of C4H5N3O2 This article mentions the following:

A series of novel heterocyclic compounds containing a ferrocene unit were synthesized by reacting ferrocenylchalcone with pyrazolyl amine or triazolyl amine via Michael addition reaction. A novel synthetic route of ferrocenylchalcones was developed in which cinnamic acid and ferrocene were used as starting materials and phosphorus pentachloride was used as acylating agent. The structure of these newly synthesized compounds was confirmed by IR, elemental anal., ¹H NMR, and ¹³C NMR. The antibacterial activity and min. inhibitory concentration (MIC) of all compounds were screened for Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces aureus, Streptococcus, Actinomycete, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in vitro by filter paper disk diffusion method, and agar dilution method, resp. The compounds exhibited moderate to excellent antibacterial activity in comparison to Ampicillin used as reference drug and MIC values between 1 and 64 娓璯/mL. Among these tested compounds, I (R= H, Me) show the best inhibitory activity. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Methyl-4-nitro-1H-pyrazole (cas: 5334-39-4Electric Literature of C4H5N3O2).

3-Methyl-4-nitro-1H-pyrazole (cas: 5334-39-4) belongs to pyrazole derivatives. Pyrazole and its derivatives are considered a pharmacologically important active scaffold that possesses almost all types of pharmacological activities. The pyrazole ring is resistant to oxidation and reduction but the groups, such as alkyl and formyl attached to the ring, are oxidized to respective acids. Only electrolytic oxidation, ozonolysis, and a strong base cause ring opening.Electric Literature of C4H5N3O2

Referemce:
Pyrazole – Wikipedia,
Pyrazoles – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Metal-free Cross-Dehydrogenative Coupling of HN-azoles with 浼?C(sp³)-H Amides via C-H Activation and Its Mechanistic and Application Studies was written by Aruri, Hariprasad;Singh, Umed;Kumar, Mukesh;Sharma, Sumit;Aithagani, Sravan Kumar;Gupta, Vivek K.;Mignani, Serge;Vishwakarma, Ram A.;Singh, Parvinder Pal. And the article was included in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2017.Application of 73387-46-9 This article mentions the following:

A metal-free one step coupling reaction between various N-azole rings and diverse 浼?C(sp³)-H containing amides has been developed under oxidative reaction conditions. Com. available tetrabutylammonium iodide (TBAI) in the presence of tert-Bu hydroperoxide (TBHP), under neat reaction conditions, efficiently catalyzed the coupling. Various azole types, such as 1H-benzotriazoles, 1H-1,2,3-triazoles, 1H-1,2,4-triazoles, 1H-tetrazoles, 1H-pyrazoles, and 1H-benzimidazoles, and 浼?C(sp³)-H containing amides, such as N,N-dimethylacetamide, N,N-dimethylbenzamide, N-methylacetamide, N,N-diethylacetamide, N-methylpyrrolidine, and pyrrolidin-2-one, were successfully employed for the coupling. A series of designed and controlled experiments were also performed in order to study the involvement of the different intermediates. Based on the evidence, a plausible mechanism is also proposed. These novel, simple, rapid, attractive, and straightforward transformations open the way of the construction of novel highly functionalized N-azoles via direct covalent N-H bond transformations onto N-C bonds. This approach allows to the synthesis of complex mols. requiring number of steps using classical synthetic ways. In addition, the range of 浼?C(sp³)-H containing amide substrates is virtually unlimited highlighting the potential value of this simple system for the construction of complex heterocyclic mols., such as fused azole derivatives In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(4-Bromophenyl)-1H-pyrazole (cas: 73387-46-9Application of 73387-46-9).

3-(4-Bromophenyl)-1H-pyrazole (cas: 73387-46-9) belongs to pyrazole derivatives. The 1H-pyrazole provides an excellent means by which to provide the requisite hydrogen bond acceptor閳ユ徆onor motifs, whether as a monocyclic ring or as a fused indazole ring. Pyrazoles are commonly used scaffold molecules in drug discovery projects. The use of pyrazole derivatives is based on their analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, antiarrhythmic, sedative, muscle relaxant, neuroleptic, anticonvulsant, monoamine oxidase inhibitory, antidiabetic and antibacterial activities.Application of 73387-46-9

Referemce:
Pyrazole – Wikipedia,
Pyrazoles – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Evidence for the in Vitro Bioactivation of Aminopyrazole Derivatives: Trapping Reactive Aminopyrazole Intermediates Using Glutathione Ethyl Ester in Human Liver Microsomes was written by Ryan, Eileen;Morrow, Benjamin J.;Hemley, Catherine F.;Pinson, Jo-Anne;Charman, Susan A.;Chiu, Francis C. K.;Foitzik, Richard C.. And the article was included in Chemical Research in Toxicology in 2015.Category: pyrazoles-derivatives This article mentions the following:

Drug-induced toxicity is a leading cause of drug withdrawal from clin. development and clin. use and represents a major impediment to the development of new drugs. The mechanisms underlying drug-induced toxicities are varied; however, metabolic bioactivation to form reactive metabolites has been identified as a major contributor. These electrophilic species can covalently modify important biol. macromols. and thereby increase the risk of adverse drug reactions or idiosyncratic toxicity. Consequently, screening compounds for their propensity to form reactive metabolites has become an integral part of drug discovery programs. This screening process typically involves identification of structural alerts as well as the generation of reactive metabolites in vitro in subcellular hepatic fractions, followed by trapping the reactive species with nucleophiles and characterization via LC-MS. This article presents evidence for the bioactivation of a series of aminopyrazole derivatives via LC-MS detection of glutathione Et ester-trapped reactive intermediates formed in human liver microsomal incubations. These results indicate that the aminopyrazole motif, within specific contexts, may be considered a new structural alert for the potential formation of reactive metabolites. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Methyl-4-nitro-1H-pyrazole (cas: 5334-39-4Category: pyrazoles-derivatives).

3-Methyl-4-nitro-1H-pyrazole (cas: 5334-39-4) belongs to pyrazole derivatives. The strategies for the synthesis of pyrazoles generally can be applied for the construction of indazoles. The presence of both electronegative nitrogen atoms in the pyrazole ring reduces the electron density of the C3- and C5-positions leaving electron density of C4-position unaltered. Thus the C4-position is vulnerable to electrophilic attack. The C3 electrophilic-position may undergo deprotonation in the presence of a strong base leading to ring opening.Category: pyrazoles-derivatives

Referemce:
Pyrazole – Wikipedia,
Pyrazoles – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Antitumor activity of eighty-four synthesized N-heteroaromatic compounds was written by Hayashi, Eisaku;Higashino, Takeo;Iijima, Chihoko;Oishi, Etsuo;Makino, Hirokazu;Irie, Toshio;Yamamoto, Fusako;Yokoyama, Yoko;Iwai, Yoshihisa. And the article was included in Yakugaku Zasshi in 1977.Product Details of 18213-75-7 This article mentions the following:

Eighty-four compounds (mainly N-heteroaromatic compounds) were synthesized and their antitumor activity was examined Four quinoline derivatives had some antitumor effect on the solid type of Ehrlich carcinoma. These compounds were, 3-hydroxy-6-quinolinecarbonitrile (I) [63124-12-9], 6-bromoquinaldic acid 1-oxide [65147-79-7], 8-(hydroxyimino)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline [58509-59-4] and 1-(hydroxyimino)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridine [34043-68-0]. No other derivatives were found effective. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Amino-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide (cas: 18213-75-7Product Details of 18213-75-7).

5-Amino-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide (cas: 18213-75-7) belongs to pyrazole derivatives. Pyrazole is a weak base, with pKb 11.5 (pKa of the conjugated acid 2.49 at 25 鎺矯).Pyrazole used as a ligand to prepare organometallic compounds. Pyrazole rings have been used as core components of several leading non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and antihypertensive drugs. It has also been found to be useful as a bifunctional ligand for metal catalysis.Product Details of 18213-75-7

Referemce:
Pyrazole – Wikipedia,
Pyrazoles – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Method for preparation of C-(diformylmethyl)nitropyrazoles was written by Dalinger, I. L.;Shkineva, T. K.;Shevelev, S. A.;Kral, V.;Arnold, Z.;Kanishchev, M. I.. And the article was included in Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya in 1993.Formula: C4H5N3O2 This article mentions the following:

Pyrazoletrimethinium salts have been synthesized by double formylation of the corresponding C-methylnitropyrazoles. Trimethinium hydrolysis of the trimethinium salts leads to C-(diformylmethyl)nitropyrazoles, e.g., I. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Methyl-4-nitro-1H-pyrazole (cas: 5334-39-4Formula: C4H5N3O2).

3-Methyl-4-nitro-1H-pyrazole (cas: 5334-39-4) belongs to pyrazole derivatives. Pyrazole is a weak base, with pKb 11.5 (pKa of the conjugated acid 2.49 at 25 鎺矯).Pyrazole used as a ligand to prepare organometallic compounds. Protonation of pyrazole in strong acid leads to pyrazolium cations, which undergo electrophilic substitution preferentially at C3 rather than C4. The pyrazole anion is not reactive toward nucleophiles but is mostly reactive to electrophiles.Formula: C4H5N3O2

Referemce:
Pyrazole – Wikipedia,
Pyrazoles – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Organic reactions in aqueous solution at room temperature. II. Influence of pH on condensations involving the linkage of carbon to carbon, of carbon to nitrogen, and of carbon to sulfur was written by Bethell, J. R.;Maitland, P.. And the article was included in Journal of the Chemical Society in 1961.Category: pyrazoles-derivatives This article mentions the following:

Further simple reactions under “physiological” (“cell-possible”) conditions were described, leading to the formation of the C₆H₆, the pyrazole, and the thiazole ring system. Two examples of the Michael reaction under mild conditions were given. The general exptl. conditions adopted were those described in the previous paper. The work was described in four sections. (a) Double C-C Claisen-Knoevenagel condensation of two C-3 aliphatic units to give a benzene derivative Diethyl 2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethylisophthalate (I) was prepared by condensing acetylacetone with diethyl acetonedicarboxylate. The reaction was carried out in a saturated buffered aqueous solution The results showed that I was formed in the pH range 5.6-9.2, the highest yield (86%) of pure product being precipitated at pH 7.3-7.6. This condensation could therefore proceed by the acid- or base-catalyzed mechanisms, and the fact that it took place within the physiol. pH range supported the possible origin of some natural benzene derivatives by a C-3 C-3 route of this type. (b) The Michael reaction (cyanoethylation). C-C condensation of Me acetoacetate (II) and vinyl cyanide (III) and C-N condensation of PhNH₂ and III. The influence of pH on two examples of cyanoethylation was studied. (1) II and III. II (2.32 g.) in buffer solution with 2.12 g. III in 40 ml. buffer solution left 6 days at room temperature gave varying yields of diethyl 浼?浼?bis(2-cyanoethyl)acetoacetate (IV), m. 154-6鎺? The maximum yield of IV was 46% at pH 10.7 and fell to 9.7. There was no trace of the monocyanoethylated product. No product was obtained in acid solution, which showed that this Michael type reaction could only proceed by the base-catalyzed mechanism. (2) PhNH₂ and III. III (1.06 g.) in 50 ml. buffer solution and 1.86 g. PhNH₂ in 150 ml. buffer solution left 20 days at room temperature gave N-(2-cyanoethyl)aniline (V), m. 50-1鎺? at varying pH values. The results showed that pure V was precipitated over the pH range 5.1-11.6 with a maximum yield of 44-5% at pH 7.5-10, except around pH 9.2 where there was a repeatable but unaccountable decrease of 5-6%. Although the duration of the actual experiment was 20 days, equimolar amounts of PhNH₂ and III in the buffer solution at pH 8.8 gave a 29% yield after 7 days; using double the amount of III under the same conditions gave 59% V. (c) C-N condensation to give a pyrazole derivative Semicarbazide-HCl (2.2 g.) and 2 g. acetylacetone in 70 cc. buffer solution gave 3,5-dimethylpyrazole-1-carboxamide (VI), m. 111-13鎺? under a variety of pH values. The results showed that the highest yield of VI, 86%, was precipitated at pH 4.1 and diminished to 17% at pH 8.2 and nil at pH 10. The duration of the experiments to obtain the maximum yield at each pH varied from 2 hrs. to 12 days. Below pH 4, hydrolysis and decarboxylation to 3,5-dimethylpyrazole was observed. (d) Combination of C-S and C-N condensations to give a thiazole derivative When buffer solutions of 0.625 g. N-ethylmaleimide and 0.38 g. CS(NH₂)₂ were left 2 days at room temperature, N-ethyl-浼?(2-imino-4-oxothiazolidin-5-yl)acetamide (VII) was obtained, m. 210-12鎺? The highest yield of VII, 74%, was obtained at pH 5.6. The rapid decline in the yield of VII on the alk. side was probably due to its hydrolysis. It was difficult to find a satisfactory mechanism for the formation of VII. It was formed, not only in aqueous alc., in aqueous buffers, but also in absolute alc. Two reactions would seem to be necessary: addition of the thiol form of thiourea across the double bond of the maleimide followed by nucleophilic attack by the more basic thiourea amino group on the adjacent carbonyl group, with subsequent proton shift. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3,5-Dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-1-carboxamide (cas: 934-48-5Category: pyrazoles-derivatives).

3,5-Dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-1-carboxamide (cas: 934-48-5) belongs to pyrazole derivatives. Pyrazoles, a five-membered heterocycle containing two adjacent nitrogen atoms, are the core structures found in a number of molecules that possess a wide range of pharmaceutical and agricultural activities. Protonation of pyrazole in strong acid leads to pyrazolium cations, which undergo electrophilic substitution preferentially at C3 rather than C4. The pyrazole anion is not reactive toward nucleophiles but is mostly reactive to electrophiles.Category: pyrazoles-derivatives

Referemce:
Pyrazole – Wikipedia,
Pyrazoles – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Mass spectrometry of nitroazoles. 4. Ortho effects: the loss of CHO閳?and formaldehyde from methyl-substituted nitrodiazoles was written by Luijten, W. C. M. M.;Van Thuijl, J.. And the article was included in Organic Mass Spectrometry in 1982.Recommanded Product: 5334-39-4 This article mentions the following:

The interaction between Me and NO₂ groups in some Me-substituted nitropyrazoles and -imidazoles caused the expulsion of CHO閳?and HCHO during electron-impact mass spectroscopy. This occurred when the 2 substituents were adjacent. Labeling with D and ¹³C showed that the loss of CHO閳?and HCHO originates exclusively from the substituents. The isotope effects observed in partially deuterated 3(5)-methyl-4-nitropyrazole were consistent with H transfer prior to fragmentation. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Methyl-4-nitro-1H-pyrazole (cas: 5334-39-4Recommanded Product: 5334-39-4).

3-Methyl-4-nitro-1H-pyrazole (cas: 5334-39-4) belongs to pyrazole derivatives. The 1H-pyrazole provides an excellent means by which to provide the requisite hydrogen bond acceptor閳ユ徆onor motifs, whether as a monocyclic ring or as a fused indazole ring. The presence of both electronegative nitrogen atoms in the pyrazole ring reduces the electron density of the C3- and C5-positions leaving electron density of C4-position unaltered. Thus the C4-position is vulnerable to electrophilic attack. The C3 electrophilic-position may undergo deprotonation in the presence of a strong base leading to ring opening.Recommanded Product: 5334-39-4

Referemce:
Pyrazole – Wikipedia,
Pyrazoles – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics