Day: April 11, 2022

Hull, R.; Lovell, B. J.; Openshaw, H. T.; Todd, A. R. published the article 《Synthetic antimalarials. XI. Effect of variation of substituents in derivatives of mono- and dialkylpyrimidines》. Keywords: MALARIA/therapy; PYRIMIDINES.They researched the compound: 2-Amino-4,6-dichloro-5-methylpyrimidine( cas:7153-13-1 ).Synthetic Route of C5H5Cl2N3. Aromatic heterocyclic compounds can be divided into two categories: single heterocyclic and fused heterocyclic. In addition, there is a lot of other information about this compound (cas:7153-13-1) here.

cf. C.A. 41, 134b. Following the discovery that certain 2-amino-4-dialkylaminoalkylamino-5, 6-dialkylpyrimidines (C.A. 40, 5057.4) have marked antimalarial activity, a more extended investigation has been made of the effects of variation of substituents in compounds of this type; several other series of simple mono- and dimethylpyrimidine derivatives have been synthesized. 2-Amino-4-hydroxy-5-methylpyrimidine (m. 277-9°; preparation in 17% yield given) (5 g.) and 30 cc. POCl3, refluxed 45 min., give 68% 4-chloro-2-amino-5-methylpyrimidine, m. 184-5°; 4-(2-diethylaminoethylamino) analog, straw color, b. 170° (bath temperature)/3 × 10-4 mm. (dipicrate, yellow, m. 195-6°); 4-(3-diethylaminopropylamino) analog m. 70-1°. HCO2Et and PhOCH2CO2Et with Na in absolute Et2O, followed by guanidine, give 55% 2-amino-4-hydroxy-5-phenoxypyrimidine (I), m. 255-6°; 5 g. with POCl3 (refluxed 15 min.) gives 4.4 g. of the 4-Cl analog, m. 157.5°. I (3 g.), 1.53 cc. Ac2O, and 15 cc. anhydrous C5H5N, refluxed 2 h., give 2.05 g. of a compound, C24H20O5N6, m. 239-40°; with POCl3, 13.3 g. gives 13.5 g. 4-chloro-2-acetamido-5-phenoxypyrimidine (II), m. 163°. II (1.5 g.) and Et2N(CH2)2NH2, refluxed 5 h. and the product refluxed with 30 cc. 10% HCl 6 h., give 89% 2-amino-4-(2-diethylaminoethylamino)-5-phenoxypyrimidine, m. 114-15°; 4-(3-diethylaminopropylamino) homolog, m. 130.5-1°, 98%. Dropwise addition of 17 cc. Br to 40 g. 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-methylpyrimidine in 350 cc. AcOH during 30 min. gives the 5-Br derivative, m. 250° (decomposition); POCl3 gives 79% 4-chloro-5-bromo-2-amino-6-methylpyrimidine, m. 206-7°; 4-(2-diethylaminoethylamino) analog, yellow viscous oil, b. 200°/10-2 mm. (bath temperature), 80%; 4-(3-diethylaminopropylamino) analog m. 105.5-7°, 91.5%. 4-Chloro-2,6-diaminopyrimidine (III) (preparation in 84% yield given) (5.78 g.) and 4.45 g Et2N(CH2)2NH2 in 13 cc. dry C5H5N, refluxed 16 h., give 62% 2,6-diamino-4-(2-diethylaminoethylamino)pyrimidine, b. 270°/10-3 (bath temperature) (dipicrate, m. 204-6°); the 4-(3-diethylaminopropylamino) homolog b. 250°/10-3 (dipicrate, m. 202.-3°). III (6.5 g.) and 20.8 g. Et2N(CH2) 2NH2, refluxed 6 h., give 9.25 g. (crude) 2-amino-4,6-bis(2-diethylaminoethylamino) pyrimidine, m. 58-60° (picrate m. 177.5-8.5°); this results also from 4-chloro-2-amino-6-(2-diethylaminoethylamino)pyrimidine and Et2N(CH2)2NH2 on heating 6 h. at 150°; 4,6-bis(3-diethylaminopropylamino) homolog b. 270°/4 × 10-4 mm. (bath temperature). 4-Chloro-2,6-diamino-5-methylpyrimidine gives 88% of the 4-(2-diethylaminoethylamino) analog, m. 102°, and 81% of the 4-(3-diethylaminopropylamino) analog, yellow, b. 250-70°/10-2 mm. (bath temperature) [bis-(3,5-dinitrobenzoate), m. 213°], which forms a hygroscopic, waxy solid. 4,6-Dichloro-2-amino-5-methylpyrimidine (9.0 g.) and 5.8 g. Et2N(CH2) 2NH2 in 25 cc. C5H5N, refluxed 15 h., give 55% 4-chloro-2-amino-6-(2-diethylaminoethylamino)-5-methylpyrimidine, m. 99-101°; 6-(3-diethylaminopropylamino) homolog, m. 121-2°, results in 76% yield on heating the components in AcOH 4 h. at 110° and 2 h. at 130°. 4-Hydroxy-2-methylmercapto-5,6-dimethylpyrimidine (IV) and POCl3, warmed 5 min. on the steam bath, give 92% of the 4-Cl analog, m. 35-6°; an excess saturated anhydrous EtOH-NH3 6 h. at 115-25° gives 50% 4-amino-2-methylmercapto-5,6-dimethylpyrimidine (V), m. 158-9.5°. V (5.6 g.) and 8.6 g. Et2N (CH2)3NH2, heated 22 h. at 200-10°, give (after repeated distillation) 39% 4-amino-2-(3-diethylaminopropylamino)-5,6-dimethylpyrimidine, a viscous oil [bis-(3,5-dinitrobenzoate), pale yellow, m. 210-12°]. IV (5.7 g.) and 4.3 g. Et2N(CH2)2NH2, heated 3 h. at 160-70°, give 98% 2-(2-diethylaminoethylamino)-4-hydroxy-5,6-dimethylpyrimidine, m. 86.5-8°; POCl3 gives 81% of the 4-Cl analog, m. 46.5-7.5°, sublimes 90°/10-4 mm., which with saturated EtOH-NH3 (3 h. at 180-90°) yields 49% 4-amino-2-(2-diethylaminoethylamino)-5,6-dimethylpyrimidine, m. 130-1.5°; this results also from 0.85 g. V and 2.3 g. Et2N(CH2)2NH2 on heating 22 h. at 190-200°. 2-(3-Dibutylaminopropylamino)-4-hydroxy-5,6-dimethylpyrimidine was a pale yellow oil, b. 260-80°/2 × 10-4 mm. (bath temperature), which slowly solidified (96%) (dipicrate, m. 199-202°); POCl3 gives the 4-Cl analog, b. 185-90°/4 × 10-3 mm. (bath temperature) (dipicrate, bright yellow, m. 167.5-8.5°); EtOH-NH3 (4 h. at 200°) gives 74% of the 4-NH2 analog, yellow oil, b. 210-20°/2 × 10-3 mm. (bath temperature) (dipicrate, yellow, m. 167-9°). 2-(3-Dimethylaminopropylamino)-4-hydroxy-5,6-dimethylpyrimidine m. 113.5-15°; 4-Cl analog m. 36-8°, 55%; 4-NH2 analog, yellow, b. 180-90°/2 × 10-3, 28% (tartrate, m. 168-71°). The following 2-substituted 4-amino-6-methylpyrimidines were prepared from the appropriate 4-Cl derivatives (C.A. 40, 5060.6): 3-dimethylaminopropylamino (VI) as the bis(3,5-dinitrobenzoate), m. 223-5°; 2-diethylaminoethylamino, m. 98-100°; 3-diethylaminopropylamino as the bis(3,5-dinitrobenzoate), m. 218-20°; 3-dibutylaminopropylamino as the bis(3,5-dinitrobenzoate), m. 200-2°. 4-Chloro-2-methylmercapto-6-methylpyrimidine and concentrated EtOH-NH3, 5.5 h. at 125-35°, give 74% 4-amino-2-methylmercapto-6-methylpyrimidine, m. 133.5-5°; with Me2N(CH2)3NH2 (14 h. at 160-70°) this yields 93% VI. 4-Substituted 6-amino-2,5-dimethylpyrimidines: 2-diethylaminoethylamino, m. 82-2.5°; 3-dimethylaminopropylamino, m. 89-91° [bis(3,5-dinitrobenzoate) , m. 207.5-9°]; 3-diethylaminopropylamino, m. 99.5°. 4-Substituted 6-amino-5-methylpyrimidines: 2-diethylaminoethylamino, m. 95.5-6.5°; 3-diethylaminopropylamino, m. 93-4°. HC(:NH)NH2.HCl (42 g.) and 91 g. MeCH(CO2Et)2, added successively to 24.5 g. Na in 360 cc. EtOH at 20-5°, kept overnight at room temperature, and boiled 1 h., give 61% 4,6-dihydroxy-5-methylpyrimidine, decompose 320°; refluxed with POCl3 40 min., there results 66% 4,6-dichloro-5-methylpyrimidine, m. 56.5-7.5°; with EtOH-NH3 at 140° (3 h.) this yields 4-chloro-6-amino-5-methylpyrimidine, m. 237-8°. 5-Amino-4-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylpyrimidine (VII) (13.5 g.) in 75 cc. 98% HCO2H, refluxed 15 min., gives 92% 5-formamido-4-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylpyrimidine (VIII), m. 238-9° (decomposition); 9 g. VIII, added to 75 cc. ice-cold POCl3 and followed (below 50°) with 20 cc. PhNMe2 (3-4 cc. portions), gives 45% of the 4-Cl analog, m. 158-9.5°; ice-cold concentrated HCl gives 85% 4-chloro-5-amino-2,6-dimethylpyrimidine, m. 79-80°; 4-(3-diethylaminopropylamino) analog m. 68-70°, 78%; 4-(2-diethylaminoethylamino) analog m. 95-6°, 64%; 4-(3-dibutylaminopropylamino) analog, pale yellow oil, b. 230-40°/0.25 mm. (bath temperature). VII (6.2 g.) in 220 cc. Ac2O, heated on the steam bath 30 min., gives 88% of the 5-acetamido derivative, m. 275° (decomposition); POCl3 gives 54% 4-chloro-5-acetamido-2,6-dimethylpyrimidine, m. 141-2°; 4-(3-diethylaminopropylamino) analog (IX), pale yellow oil, b. 150-60°/10-4 (bath temperature) (flavianate-1H2O, bright yellow, m. 160°). IX (5.5 g.) in 30 cc. 30% H2SO4, heated 2 h. on the steam bath, gives 9-(3-diethylaminopropyl)-2,6,8-trimethylpurine, pale yellow, b. 140-50°/10-4 mm. (bath temperature) (dipicrate, pale yellow, m. 187-8°); the 2-diethylaminoethyl homolog, pale yellow, b. 130-5°/2 × 10-3 mm. (bath temperature) (flavianate, bright yellow, m. 248° (decomposition)); 3-diethylamino-1-methylbutyl analog b. 150-5°/10-4 mm. (bath temperature) (a crystalline derivative could not be prepared). Guanidine and PhN2CHAc2 in EtOH, kept 20 days at room temperature, give 58.5% 2-amino-5-phenylazo-4,6-dimethylpyrimidine (X), bright orange, m. 228-30°; reduction in absolute EtOH over Pd-BaSO4 at 90° and 75 atm. gives 100% 2,5-diamino-4,6-dimethylpyrimidine (XI), m. 183.5-4.5°. XI (8 g.) and 19.6 g. Et2N(CH2)2Cl in 40 cc. anhydrous C5H5N, refluxed 7 h., give 26% 2-amino-5-(2-diethylaminoethylamino)-4,6-dimethylpyrimidine, m. 95-6.5°; dipicrate, yellow, m. 187-9° (decomposition). X (1.1 g.) and 0.6 g. NaNH2 in 10 cc. PhMe, refluxed 10 h., treated with 8.8 g. Et2N(CH2)2Cl, and the refluxing continued 18 h. (160-70°), give 58% 2-(2-diethylaminoethylamino)-5-phenylazo-4,6-dimethylpyrimidine, red, m. 87-8°; catalytic reduction in EtOH over Pt oxide at room temperature and atm. pressure give 60% 5-amino-2-(2-diethylaminoethylamino)-4,6-dimethylpyrimidine, yellow oil, b. 160°/2 × 10-3 mm. (bath temperature) (dipicrate, bright yellow, m. 185-6°). H2NC(SMe):NH.HI (33 g.) and 18 g. Et2N(CH2)2NH2 in 150 cc. EtOH, refluxed 2 h., give 50% 2-diethylamino-ethylguanidine-2HI, m. 140-2°. 4-Amino-6-(3-diethylaminopropylamino)-2,5-dimethylpyrimidine is the most active of the simple pyrimidines prepared, appreciable activity being observed at a dose of 20 mg./kg. Data are given for the other compounds described above. No generalizations can be made about structure and antimalarial activity, but the most active compounds have structures which are compatible with the hypothetical mode of action advanced in Part III (C.A. 40, 5057.4). It is clearly impossible to argue the validity of any concept of action based on interference with the synthesis or functioning of enzyme components in the absence of extensive biol. investigations, but there would seem to be some justification for its retention as a basis for future work.

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Reference:
Pyrazole – Wikipedia,
Pyrazoles – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

HPLC of Formula: 25956-17-6. The fused heterocycle is formed by combining a benzene ring with a single heterocycle, or two or more single heterocycles. Compound: Sodium 6-hydroxy-5-((2-methoxy-5-methyl-4-sulfonatophenyl)diazenyl)naphthalene-2-sulfonate, is researched, Molecular C18H14N2Na2O8S2, CAS is 25956-17-6, about Performance evaluation of photolytic and electrochemical oxidation processes for enhanced degradation of food dyes laden wastewater. Author is Sartaj, Seema; Ali, Nisar; Khan, Adnan; Malik, Sumeet; Bilal, Muhammad; Khan, Menhad; Ali, Nauman; Hussain, Sajjad; Khan, Hammad; Khan, Sabir.

Wastewater containing dyes is considered as the top-priority pollutant when discharged into the environment. Herein, we report for the applicability of 254 nm UV light and electrochem. process using a titanium ruthenium oxide anode for the degradation of Allura red and erythrosine dyes. During the photolytic process, 95% of Allura red dye (50 ppm) was removed after 1 h at pH 12 and 35°C, whereas 90% color removal of erythrosine dye (50 ppm) was achieved after 6 h of treatment at pH 6.0 and 30°C. On the other hand, 99.60% of Allura red dye (200 ppm) was removed within 5 min by the electrochem. process applying a c.d. (5 mA cm-2) at pH 5.0 and 0.1 mol L-1 sodium chloride (NaCl) electrolytic medium. Similarly, 99.61% of erythrosine dye (50 ppm) degradation was achieved after 10 min at a c.d. of 8 mA cm-2, pH 6.0, and 0.1 mol L-1 of NaCl electrolyte. The min. energy consumption value for Allura red and erythrosine dyes (0.196 and 0.941 kWh m-3, resp.) was calculated at optimum current densities of 5 and 8 mA cm-2. The results demonstrated that the electrochem. process is more efficient at removing dyes in a shorter time than the photolytic process since it generates powerful oxidants like the chlorine mol., hypochlorous acid, and hypochlorite on the surface of the anode and initiates a chain reaction to oxidize the dyes mols.

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Reference:
Pyrazole – Wikipedia,
Pyrazoles – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Recommanded Product: 6-Bromo-2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxine. Aromatic heterocyclic compounds can also be classified according to the number of heteroatoms contained in the heterocycle: single heteroatom, two heteroatoms, three heteroatoms and four heteroatoms. Compound: 6-Bromo-2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxine, is researched, Molecular C8H7BrO2, CAS is 52287-51-1, about Ceramic boron carbonitrides for unlocking organic halides with visible light. Author is Yuan, Tao; Zheng, Meifang; Antonietti, Markus; Wang, Xinchen.

Here, boron carbonitride (BCN) ceramics were such a system and can reduce organic halides, including (het)aryl and alkyl halides, with visible light irradn was reported. Cross-coupling of halides to afford new C-H, C-C, and C-S bonds was proceeded at ambient reaction conditions. Hydrogen, (het)aryl, and sulfonyl groups were introduced into the arenes and heteroarenes at the designed positions by means of mesolytic C-X (carbon-halogen) bond cleavage in the absence of any metal-based catalysts or ligands. BCN was used not only for half reactions, like reduction reactions with a sacrificial agent, but also redox reactions through oxidative and reductive interfacial electron transfer. The BCN photocatalyst showed tolerance to different substituents and conserved activity after five recycles. The apparent metal-free system opened new opportunities for a wide range of organic catalysts using light energy and sustainable materials, which were metal-free, inexpensive and stable.

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Reference:
Pyrazole – Wikipedia,
Pyrazoles – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Abdelghani, Jafar I.; Al-Degs, Yahya S.; Issa, Ayman A. published the article 《Rapid and reliable chromatograhic method to monitor coloring agents in highly consumed beverages》. Keywords: beverage coloring agent chromatograhic method.They researched the compound: Sodium 6-hydroxy-5-((2-methoxy-5-methyl-4-sulfonatophenyl)diazenyl)naphthalene-2-sulfonate( cas:25956-17-6 ).Computed Properties of C18H14N2Na2O8S2. Aromatic heterocyclic compounds can be divided into two categories: single heterocyclic and fused heterocyclic. In addition, there is a lot of other information about this compound (cas:25956-17-6) here.

Monitoring food additives including coloring agents is an essential task to estimate the daily intake and exposure assessment toward consumers. A reliable liquid chromatog. procedure was developed to simultaneously monitor six common food dyes (belongs to Group-III additives) in highly consumed powd. soft drinks. The dyes were detected down to 0.23-0.72 mg/L within 15 min. Two popular brands were assayed due to their high consumption rates as confirmed from the initial food consumption questionnaire. In most cases, no pre-concentration step was needed as the level of dyes was high enough to be detected. However, a pre-concentration step was needed for “”brilliant blue”” as it was added to give the natural mint shade. In a few samples, a serious violation for permissible limit was observed Among the studied dyes, sunset yellow was extensively added as the value of 1,054 mg/kg was found. The usage pattern of dyes indicated that only 8% of items containing one dye while 70% containing two or three dyes which is necessary to get the appealing shades. The proposed method could be operated for dyes detection in low-fat foodstuffs. Practical applications : A reliable liquid chromatog. method was developed to monitor six food dyes in highly consumed powd. soft drinks with detection limit down to 0.23-0.72 mg/L in 15 min. Usage pattern of dyes indicated that 8% of items containing one dye and 70% containing two or three dyes.

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Reference:
Pyrazole – Wikipedia,
Pyrazoles – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

HPLC of Formula: 52287-51-1. Aromatic compounds can be divided into two categories: single heterocycles and fused heterocycles. Compound: 6-Bromo-2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxine, is researched, Molecular C8H7BrO2, CAS is 52287-51-1, about Synthesis and antiinflammatory activity of some new derivatives of 6-benzoyl-1,4-benzodioxan. Author is Labanauskas, L. K.; Brukshtus, A. B.; Gaidelis, P. G.; Udrenaite, E. B.; Daukshas, V. K..

Friedel-Crafts acylation of 6-bromo-, 6-chloro- or 6-ethylbenzodioxan with substituted benzoic acid chloranhydrides in the presence of AlCl3 gave 48-93% 15 title compounds All the title compounds exhibited antiinflammatory activity. The most active compounds exceeded acetylsalicylic acid in activity and approached ibuprofen, while being markedly less toxic than the latter reference drug.

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Reference:
Pyrazole – Wikipedia,
Pyrazoles – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Computed Properties of C9H9NO. Aromatic heterocyclic compounds can also be classified according to the number of heteroatoms contained in the heterocycle: single heteroatom, two heteroatoms, three heteroatoms and four heteroatoms. Compound: 3-Hydroxy-3-phenylpropanenitrile, is researched, Molecular C9H9NO, CAS is 17190-29-3, about The Stevens rearrangement of sulfur ylide generated by electrochemical reduction of sulfonium salt. Author is Okazaki, Yuichi; Asai, Tatsuro; Ando, Fumio; Koketsu, Jugo.

The cathodic reduction or a base treatment of a 1-cyanomethyltetrahydrothiophenonium salt gave the stabilized ylides which were conformed by the reaction with benzaldehyde. In the absence of benzaldehyde, the ring expanded product was obtained through the Stevens rearrangement in good yield by both methods. The reaction mechanism was investigated by using B3LYP d. functional calculations

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Reference:
Pyrazole – Wikipedia,
Pyrazoles – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

The three-dimensional configuration of the ester heterocycle is basically the same as that of the carbocycle. Compound: Sodium 6-hydroxy-5-((2-methoxy-5-methyl-4-sulfonatophenyl)diazenyl)naphthalene-2-sulfonate(SMILESS: O=S(C1=CC=C2C(/N=N/C3=CC(C)=C(S(=O)([O-])=O)C=C3OC)=C(O)C=CC2=C1)([O-])=O.[Na+].[Na+],cas:25956-17-6) is researched.Safety of Tin(II) oxalate. The article 《Production of colorant powder from dragon fruit (Hylocerecus polyrhizus) peel: Bioactivity, heavy metal contamination, antimutagenicity, and antioxidation aspects》 in relation to this compound, is published in Journal of Food Processing and Preservation. Let’s take a look at the latest research on this compound (cas:25956-17-6).

This study explores the bioactivity, heavy metal contamination, antimutagenicity, and antioxidation aspects of a colorant powder (CP) derived from dragon fruit peels (DGFP) following a two-step process: extraction and creation of colorant powder. Extraction with deionized water at pH 5.5, 40°C for 20 min provided betacyanin content in the crude extract at 15.21 ± 0.04 mg/g dry weight with betanin and phyllocactin as the main bioactive components. The extract antimutagenicity was found to be 0.522 mg GAE/mL. The extract was mixed with 6% maltodextrin and dried to produce CP using a spray dryer with a feed rate of 6 mL/min and a 160°C inlet temperature The powder was red and no heavy metal was detected using ICP-OES. The CP was proven to possess antioxidant activity as confirmed by DPPH, ABTS+, and FRAP assay. Thus, DGFPs should be recognized as a valuable byproduct with added value as a food colorant. The crude extract from the dragon fruit peels contained betacyanin at 15.21 ± 0.04 mg/g dry weight The extract possessing betanin and phyllocactin as the main bioactive compounds was found to be mutagenic safe. After the extract was spray-dried with 6% maltodextrin to produce the colorant powder, the betacyanin content was reduced around twofold from the original content. However, the antioxidant activity still existed in the powder with no heavy metal contamination. Thus, the dragon fruit peels have a high potential for practical application as a safe food colorant.

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Reference:
Pyrazole – Wikipedia,
Pyrazoles – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Safety of Tin(II) oxalate. Aromatic compounds can be divided into two categories: single heterocycles and fused heterocycles. Compound: Tin(II) oxalate, is researched, Molecular C2O4Sn, CAS is 814-94-8, about Spray-combustion synthesis of indium tin oxide nanopowder. Author is Chen, Zhiyang; Zhu, Yuan; Duan, Qiyao; Chen, Anqi; Tang, Zikang.

Nanocrystalline indium tin oxide (ITO) powders were prepared by a novel spray combustion method. Using single-drop study equipment, we studied the thermodn. of the combustion reaction. The reaction can be ignited at air temperature as lower as 171.3° when using urea and glucose as composite fuel. Once the reaction is ignited, the combustion temperature can surge to >500°, generating nanocrystalline ITO powders with grain size ∼40 nm. Footages from high-speed camera demonstrated that the reaction is in 3 steps: moderate beginning, violent middle, and decaying end. The ignition is very sensitive to the air temperature, even 0.2° minus deviation may fail the combustion. The combustion reaction is self-sustainable, which saves the energy supply. The low ignition temperature means the combustion reaction can be carried out in a conventional spray dryer. Our results provide a feasible way to mass produce nanocrystalline ITO powders, which as a methodol., may be extended to the production of other oxide nanopowders.

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Reference:
Pyrazole – Wikipedia,
Pyrazoles – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

The preparation of ester heterocycles mostly uses heteroatoms as nucleophilic sites, which are achieved by intramolecular substitution or addition reactions. Compound: 3-Hydroxy-3-phenylpropanenitrile( cas:17190-29-3 ) is researched.Safety of 3-Hydroxy-3-phenylpropanenitrile.Kamal, Ahmed; Khanna, G. B. Ramesh; Ramu, R. published the article 《Chemoenzymatic synthesis of both enantiomers of fluoxetine, tomoxetine and nisoxetine: lipase-catalyzed resolution of 3-aryl-3-hydroxypropanenitriles》 about this compound( cas:17190-29-3 ) in Tetrahedron: Asymmetry. Keywords: aryl hydroxyphenylpropanenitrile preparation ring opening styrene oxide sodium cyanide; kinetic resolution aryl hydroxyphenylpropanenitrile transesterification lipase catalyst; chemoenzymic preparation enantiomer fluoxetine tomoxetine nisoxetine. Let’s learn more about this compound (cas:17190-29-3).

A facile preparation of (±)-3-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanenitrile has been carried out by ring-opening of styrene oxide with NaCN in aqueous ethanol. Subsequent kinetic resolution of this material via lipase-mediated transesterification gave the S-alc. and R-acetate in excellent yields and high enantioselectivities, particularly with lipase PS-C Amano’ II. The effect of solvents and immobilization of the lipase has also been investigated. It is interesting to note that the use of immobilized lipase for this transesterification process in hydrophobic solvents (diisopropyl ether, toluene and hexane) enhanced the reaction rate drastically and gave optimal yields with high enantioselectivity (>99%). Moreover, enantiopure 3-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanenitrile products have been converted via enantioconvergent routes into the (R)- and (S)-enantiomers of the important anti-depressants fluoxetine, tomoxetine, nisoxetine and norfluoxetine.

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Reference:
Pyrazole – Wikipedia,
Pyrazoles – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

The preparation of ester heterocycles mostly uses heteroatoms as nucleophilic sites, which are achieved by intramolecular substitution or addition reactions. Compound: Tin(II) oxalate( cas:814-94-8 ) is researched.Application In Synthesis of Tin(II) oxalate.Malibo, Petrus M.; Makgwane, Peter R.; Baker, Priscilla G. published the article 《Heterostructured Redox-Active V2O5/SnO2 Oxide Nanocatalyst for Aqueous-Phase Oxidation of Furfural to Renewable Maleic Acid》 about this compound( cas:814-94-8 ) in ChemistrySelect. Keywords: maleic acid furfural oxidation vanadium pentoxide tin oxide nanocatalyst. Let’s learn more about this compound (cas:814-94-8).

In this paper, we report on the synthesis of heterostructured V2O5/SnO2 nanocatalysts with varying vanadium metal loadings of 5-30 wt %. The catalytic performance of the designed catalysts was evaluated in the oxidation reaction of furfural to maleic acid using hydrogen peroxide. The synthesis method afforded highly dispersed nanosized VOx species with predominant exposed V5+ and V4+ on SnO2 oxide. Such structural interface developments of the heterostructured V2O5/SnO2 catalyst resulted into modified electronic structure; phase compositions and textural properties of the individual V and Sn metal oxides with respect to varying V-metal loadings, which lead to improved catalytic performances. Under optimized reaction conditions, a 60% yield of maleic acid was achieved in furfural oxidation reaction. Based on characterization results, the high surface area and low V-metal loading (∼9.3 wt % vanadium) presented the most redox active V2O5/SnO2 catalyst. At low V-metal loadings the catalyst is populated with the presence of VOx monomeric and polymeric species which are proposed to induce the highly active vanadium sites. This was confirmed for the most active catalyst to possess vanadium with the predominant V4+ state and superoxide oxygen. The catalytic performance showed by V2O5/SnO2 present a solid catalyst derived from earth-abundant and cheap metals for the catalytic oxidation upgrade of biomass typical furfural to important value-added maleic acid intermediate chem.

In addition to the literature in the link below, there is a lot of literature about this compound(Tin(II) oxalate)Application In Synthesis of Tin(II) oxalate, illustrating the importance and wide applicability of this compound(814-94-8).

Reference:
Pyrazole – Wikipedia,
Pyrazoles – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics