Day: April 6, 2022

Zou, Ling; Spanogiannopoulos, Peter; Pieper, Lindsey M.; Chien, Huan-Chieh; Cai, Wenlong; Khu, Natalia; Pottel, Joshua; Vora, Bianca; Ni, Zhanglin; Tsakalozou, Eleftheria; Zhangc, Wenjun; Shoichet, Brian K.; Giacomini, Kathleen M.; Turnbaugh, Peter J. published an article about the compound: Sodium 6-hydroxy-5-((2-methoxy-5-methyl-4-sulfonatophenyl)diazenyl)naphthalene-2-sulfonate( cas:25956-17-6,SMILESS:O=S(C1=CC=C2C(/N=N/C3=CC(C)=C(S(=O)([O-])=O)C=C3OC)=C(O)C=CC2=C1)([O-])=O.[Na+].[Na+] ).Formula: C18H14N2Na2O8S2. Aromatic heterocyclic compounds can be classified according to the number of heteroatoms or the size of the ring. The authors also want to convey more information about this compound (cas:25956-17-6) through the article.

Food and drug products contain diverse and abundant smallmol. additives (excipients) with unclear impacts on human physiol., drug safety, and response. Here, we evaluate their potential impact on intestinal drug absorption. By screening 136 unique compounds for inhibition of the key intestinal transporter OATP2B1 we identified and validated 24 potent OATP2B1 inhibitors, characterized by higher mol. weight and hydrophobicity compared to poor or noninhibitors. OATP2B1 inhibitors were also enriched for dyes, including 8 azo (R-N=N-R′) dyes. Pharmacokinetic studies in mice confirmed that FD′C Red Number 40, a common azo dye excipient and a potent inhibitor of OATP2B1, decreased the plasma level of the OATP2B1 substrate fexofenadine, suggesting that FD′C Red Number 40 has the potential to block drug absorption through OATP2B1 inhibition in vivo. However, the gut microbiomes of multiple unrelated healthy individuals as well as diverse human gut bacterial isolates were capable of inactivating the identified azo dye excipients, producing metabolites that no longer inhibit OATP2B1 transport. These results support a beneficial role for the microbiome in limiting the unintended effects of food and drug additives in the intestine and provide a framework for the data-driven selection of excipients. Furthermore, the ubiquity and genetic diversity of gut bacterial azoreductases coupled to experiments in conventionally raised and gnotobiotic mice suggest that variations in gut microbial community structure may be less important to consider relative to the high concentrations of azo dyes in food products, which have the potential to saturate gut bacterial enzymic activity.

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Reference:
Pyrazole – Wikipedia,
Pyrazoles – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Quality Control of Sodium 6-hydroxy-5-((2-methoxy-5-methyl-4-sulfonatophenyl)diazenyl)naphthalene-2-sulfonate. The mechanism of aromatic electrophilic substitution of aromatic heterocycles is consistent with that of benzene. Compound: Sodium 6-hydroxy-5-((2-methoxy-5-methyl-4-sulfonatophenyl)diazenyl)naphthalene-2-sulfonate, is researched, Molecular C18H14N2Na2O8S2, CAS is 25956-17-6, about Method validation of 12 kinds of food dye in chewing gums and soft drinks, and evaluation of measurement uncertainty for soft drinks. Author is Jang, Gill-Woong; Choi, Sun-Il; Choi, Seung-Hyun; Han, Xionggao; Men, Xiao; Kwon, Hee-Yeon; Choi, Ye-Eun; Lee, Ok-Hwan.

We developed and validated a method for the simultaneous quant. anal. of food dyes in two food matrixes, i.e., chewing gum and soft drinks. Furthermore, we evaluated the stability of food dyes in these matrixes with respect to the pH and acid content. The optimized and validated method is based on high-performance liquid chromatog.-photodiode array (HPLC-PDA) and liquid chromatog.-tandem spectroscopy; the proposed method could identify and quantify 12 dyes in the two matrixes. The recoveries of the food dyes identified by HPLC-PDA anal. ranged from 98.61% to 118.42%, with relative standard deviations of 0.06-4.90%. In addition, the expanded uncertainties of the measurements ranged from 0.57 to 3.12%. Finally, the food dyes were found to be stable in the matrixes over 30 days. Thus, we believe that the proposed anal. method is suitable for the identification and quantification of food dyes in chewing gum and soft drink samples.

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Reference:
Pyrazole – Wikipedia,
Pyrazoles – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Pamies, Oscar; Backvall, Jan-E. published the article 《Efficient lipase-catalyzed kinetic resolution and dynamic kinetic resolution of β-hydroxy nitriles. Correction of absolute configuration and transformation to chiral β-hydroxy acids and γ-amino alcohols》. Keywords: kinetic enzymic resolution hydroxy nitrile transacetylation; hydroxy carboxylic acid stereoselective preparation enzymic resolution; amino alc stereoselective preparation enzymic resolution.They researched the compound: 3-Hydroxy-3-phenylpropanenitrile( cas:17190-29-3 ).SDS of cas: 17190-29-3. Aromatic heterocyclic compounds can be divided into two categories: single heterocyclic and fused heterocyclic. In addition, there is a lot of other information about this compound (cas:17190-29-3) here.

Chemoenzymic dynamic kinetic resolution of β-hydroxy nitriles has been carried out using Candida antarctica lipase B and a ruthenium catalyst. The use of a hydrogen source to depress ketone formation in the dynamic kinetic resolution yields the acetates in good yield and high enantioselectivity. It is shown that the ruthenium catalyst and the enzyme can be recycled when used in sep. reactions. Enantiomerically pure β-hydroxy acid derivatives and γ-amino alcs. were prepared from the hydroxy nitriles and acetates. The latter compounds were also used to establish the correct absolute configuration of the hydroxy nitriles and acetates.

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Pyrazole – Wikipedia,
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Name: 3-Hydroxy-3-phenylpropanenitrile. Aromatic compounds can be divided into two categories: single heterocycles and fused heterocycles. Compound: 3-Hydroxy-3-phenylpropanenitrile, is researched, Molecular C9H9NO, CAS is 17190-29-3, about Synthesis of β-hydroxy nitriles via indium-induced coupling of bromoacetonitrile with carbonyl compounds. Author is Araki, Shuki; Yamada, Masafumi; Butsugan, Yasuo.

The organoindium reagent, derived from indium metal and bromacetonitrile, reacted with carbonyl compounds in the presence of chlorotrimethylsilane to give, after hydrolysis, β-hydroxy nitriles. Thus, p-nitrobenzaldehyde afforded 58% p-O2NC6H4CH(OH)CH2CN by this reaction. The coupling proceeded with high chemoselectivity, though the diastereoselectivity was low.

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Reference:
Pyrazole – Wikipedia,
Pyrazoles – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Balgude, Sagar D.; Sethi, Yogesh A.; Kale, Bharat B.; Amalnerkar, Dinesh P.; Adhyapak, Parag V. published an article about the compound: Tin(II) oxalate( cas:814-94-8,SMILESS:O=C([O-])C([O-])=O.[Sn+2] ).Reference of Tin(II) oxalate. Aromatic heterocyclic compounds can be classified according to the number of heteroatoms or the size of the ring. The authors also want to convey more information about this compound (cas:814-94-8) through the article.

Herein, a facile hydrothermally-assisted sonochem. approach for the synthesis of a ZnO decorated Sn3O4 nano-heterostructure is reported. The phase purity of the nano-heterostructure was confirmed by X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. The morphol. anal. demonstrated a nanosheet-like structure of Sn3O4 with a thickness of 20 nm, decorated with ZnO. The optical band gap was found to be 2.60 eV for the ZnO@Sn3O4 nano-heterostructure. Photoluminescence studies revealed the suppression of electron-hole recombination in the ZnO@Sn3O4 nano-heterostructure. The potential efficiency of ZnO@Sn3O4 was further evaluated towards photocatalytic hydrogen production via H2O splitting and degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye. Interestingly, it showed significantly superior photocatalytic activity compared to ZnO and Sn3O4. The complete degradation of MB dye solution was achieved within 40 min. The nano-heterostructure also exhibited enhanced photocatalytic activity towards hydrogen evolution (98.2μmol h-1/0.1 g) via water splitting under natural sunlight. The superior photocatalytic activity of ZnO@Sn3O4 was attributed to vacancy defects created due to its nano-heterostructure.

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Reference:
Pyrazole – Wikipedia,
Pyrazoles – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Most of the compounds have physiologically active properties, and their biological properties are often attributed to the heteroatoms contained in their molecules, and most of these heteroatoms also appear in cyclic structures. A Journal, Catalysts called Catalytic Conversion of Glycerol to Methyl Lactate over Au-CuO/Sn-Beta: The Roles of Sn-Beta, Author is Duan, Ying; Luo, Qianqian; Nie, Renfeng; Wang, Jianshe; Zhang, Yongsheng; Lu, Tianliang; Xu, Chunbao, which mentions a compound: 814-94-8, SMILESS is O=C([O-])C([O-])=O.[Sn+2], Molecular C2O4Sn, Recommanded Product: 814-94-8.

The production of Me lactate as a degradable polymer monomer from biomass was an important topic for a sustainable society. In this manuscript, glycerol was oxidated to Me lactate catalyzed by the combination of Au-CuO and Sn-Beta. The influence of Sn content, Sn source, and the preparation conditions for Sn-β was studied. The Au content in Au/CuO was also investigated by varying the Au content in Au/CuO. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, FTIR spectroscopy of pyridine adsorption, and TEM to study the role of Sn and the influence of different parameters for catalyst preparation After the optimization of reaction parameters, the yield of Me lactate from glycerol reached 59% at 363 K after reacting in 1.6 MPa of O2 for 6 h.

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Reference:
Pyrazole – Wikipedia,
Pyrazoles – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Epoxy compounds usually have stronger nucleophilic ability, because the alkyl group on the oxygen atom makes the bond angle smaller, which makes the lone pair of electrons react more dissimilarly with the electron-deficient system. Compound: 3-Hydroxy-3-phenylpropanenitrile, is researched, Molecular C9H9NO, CAS is 17190-29-3, about Steric vs. electronic effects in the Lactobacillus brevis ADH-catalyzed bioreduction of ketones.Application of 17190-29-3.

Lactobacillus brevis ADH (LBADH) is an alc. dehydrogenase that is commonly employed to reduce alkyl or aryl ketones usually bearing a Me, an Et or a chloromethyl as a small ketone substituent to the corresponding (R)-alcs. Herein we have tested a series of 24 acetophenone derivatives differing in their size and electronic properties for their reduction employing LBADH. After plotting the relative activity against the measured substrate volumes we observed that apart from the substrate size other effects must be responsible for the activity obtained. Compared to acetophenone (100% relative activity), other small substrates such as propiophenone, α,α,α-trifluoroacetophenone, α-hydroxyacetophenone, and benzoylacetonitrile had relative activities lower than 30%, while medium-sized ketones such as α-bromo-, α,α-dichloro-, and α,α-dibromoacetophenone presented relative activities between 70% and 550%. Moreover, the comparison between the enzymic activity and the obtained final conversions using an excess or just 2.5 equivalent of the hydrogen donor 2-propanol, denoted again deviations between them. These data supported that these hydrogen transfer (HT) transformations are mainly thermodynamically controlled. For instance, bulky α-halogenated derivatives could be quant. reduced by LBADH even employing 2.5 equivalent of 2-propanol independently of their kinetic values. Finally, we found good correlations between the IR absorption band of the carbonyl groups and the degrees of conversion obtained in these HT processes, making this simple method a convenient tool to predict the success of these transformations.

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Reference:
Pyrazole – Wikipedia,
Pyrazoles – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

In organic chemistry, atoms other than carbon and hydrogen are generally referred to as heteroatoms. The most common heteroatoms are nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. Now I present to you an article called Claisen-Schmidt condensation of acetonitrile with aromatic carbonyl compounds, published in 1969, which mentions a compound: 17190-29-3, mainly applied to benzaldehyde Claisen Schmidt condensations; Claisen Schmidt condensations benzaldehyde; acetophenone Claisen Schmidt condensations; benzophenone Claisen Schmidt condensations, Synthetic Route of C9H9NO.

Treatment of BzH with MeCN containing Na gave PhCH2OH, PhCH(OH)CH2CN and a small amount PhCH:CHCN; BzMe gave PhC(OH)(Me)CH2CN at room temperature and PhCMe:CHCN at reflux; and BzPh gave Ph2C:CHCN at room temperature and, in higher yield, at reflux.

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Pyrazole – Wikipedia,
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Recommanded Product: 52287-51-1. The reaction of aromatic heterocyclic molecules with protons is called protonation. Aromatic heterocycles are more basic than benzene due to the participation of heteroatoms. Compound: 6-Bromo-2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxine, is researched, Molecular C8H7BrO2, CAS is 52287-51-1, about Nickel-Catalyzed N-Arylation of NH-Sulfoximines with Aryl Halides via Paired Electrolysis. Author is Liu, Dong; Liu, Zhao-Ran; Ma, Cong; Jiao, Ke-Jin; Sun, Bing; Wei, Lei; Lefranc, Julien; Herbert, Simon; Mei, Tian-Sheng.

A novel strategy for the N-arylation of NH-sulfoximines has been developed by merging nickel catalysis and electrochem. (in an undivided cell), thereby providing a practical method for the construction of sulfoximine derivatives Paired electrolysis is employed in this protocol, so a sacrificial anode is not required. Owing to the mild reaction conditions, excellent functional group tolerance and yield are achieved. A preliminary mechanistic study indicates that the anodic oxidation of a NiII species is crucial to promote the reductive elimination of a C-N bond from the resulting NiIII species at room temperature

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Orzolek, Brandon J.; Kozlowski, Marisa C. published an article about the compound: Sodium 6-hydroxy-5-((2-methoxy-5-methyl-4-sulfonatophenyl)diazenyl)naphthalene-2-sulfonate( cas:25956-17-6,SMILESS:O=S(C1=CC=C2C(/N=N/C3=CC(C)=C(S(=O)([O-])=O)C=C3OC)=C(O)C=CC2=C1)([O-])=O.[Na+].[Na+] ).Electric Literature of C18H14N2Na2O8S2. Aromatic heterocyclic compounds can be classified according to the number of heteroatoms or the size of the ring. The authors also want to convey more information about this compound (cas:25956-17-6) through the article.

Herein, we describe an accessible and safe organic chem. lab experiment that can be completed at home. Liquid-liquid extraction is a fundamental organic chem. lab experiment that touches on topics such as chem. structure, d., solubility, and acid-base chem. Given the increased demand for safe organic chem. experiments that can be performed in the at-home environment, we have adapted the conventional wet lab liquid-liquid extraction experience by using food colorants. Students are first guided through sample questions to establish a basic understanding of solubility, acid-base chem., and separation via extraction techniques. Next, they are given unknown dye mixtures which they subject to liquid-liquid extraction using a plastic soda bottle with vegetable oil, water, white vinegar, and sodium bicarbonate. All materials are readily available and food-safe, making the experiment amenable to the at-home environment while still allowing students to phys. engage in a foundational lab experiment

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Pyrazole – Wikipedia,
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